No there is no "Query API", especially not for SQL-like syntax.
It sure would be sweet to have an always current version of SEDE† (even if limited to, say, a hundred rows), but this is very unlikely to ever be provided.
Your options are:
Oftentimes the q
parameter of the /search/advanced
route is pretty powerful and will get you close to what you want.
If the data is slow changing (like the sample query you linked), just fetch it from SEDE using the "Download CSV" option. For example:
data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/csv/1205610
Otherwise, you must download all the data via the API and then perform whatever operations are needed to get the results you want.
For large and rapidly changing data, fetch the base from SEDE and/or heavily cache it, and then use the API to only fetch what's changed since the last cache or SEDE update. (Unfortunately, this is not always easy, as in the case of tag wikis.)
† The Stack Exchange Data Explorer